Circuits Masterclass

Engineering Workbench Hardware

Realistic test instruments: Digital Multimeter with interactive probes, KVL elevation coaster, and Thevenin mystery box.

Precision Digital Multimeter (DMM)

Model SIT-3000

MEASURED POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE (V_red - V_black)

+12.00 V

🔴 Lead: Node A ⚫ COM: Ground (0V)

Active Handheld Probe:

👉 Interactive Probing: Click any glowing node circle in the circuit diagrams across the app! The DMM will calculate the exact potential difference $V_{AB} = V_A - V_B$ in real time.

🎢 KVL Elevation Roller Coaster (Closed Loop Walk) Slide 32 KVL Loop

Hardware Exam Challenge

Thevenin "Mystery Black Box" Interactive Challenge

Inside this sealed steel box is a complex network of DC voltage sources, current sources, resistors, and diamond-dependent sources. You only have access to terminals A and B. How do you find its Thevenin equivalent?

Terminal Measurement

Voc = 30.00 V

STEEL CHASSIS • N-PORT Linear Active

Terminal A (+)

Terminal B (-)

Curriculum Theory & Deep Insights

Select a chapter below or switch explanation perspectives anytime.

7 Interactive Virtual Laboratories

Real-time dynamic simulators matching every slide exercise and theorem.

Lab 1 • Ch. 1

Ohm's Law, Power Dissipation & Open/Short Circuits

Source Voltage (Vs) 12 V

Resistance (R) 2 kΩ

Current (I = V / R) 6.00 mA

Conductance (G = 1/R) 0.500 mS

Power Dissipated (P = I²R = V²/R) 72.00 mW

Resistors always absorb power ($P \ge 0$) converting electrical energy into heat.

Lab 2 • Ch. 1

Passive Sign Convention Interactive Tester

Voltage Magnitude 24 V

Current Magnitude 3 A

P = +(24 V)(3 A) = +72 W → Absorbing Power

Current enters (+) terminal -> P = +v·i = +72 W (Absorbed)

Lab 3 • Ch. 3

Superposition Theorem Explorer (Slide 2-5 Circuit)

Lab 4 • Ch. 3

Source Transformation Playground

Voltage Source Magnitude (Vs) 20.0 V

Internal Resistor (R) 5.0 Ω

Equivalent Current Source (Is = Vs / R) 4.00 A

Lab 5 • Ch. 3

Thevenin & Norton Equivalent Lab (All 3 Cases)

Thevenin Voltage (Voc) 8.00 V

Thevenin Resistance (Rth) 1.333 kΩ

Norton Current (Isc) 6.00 mA

Attach Load Resistor (RL) to Equivalent Terminals: 5.0 kΩ

Load Voltage: 6.32 V

Load Current: 1.26 mA

Lab 6 • Ch. 3

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem & Light Bulb Lab

Thevenin Voltage (Voc) 20 V

Internal Resistance (Rth) 10 Ω

Adjustable Load Resistor (RL) 10 Ω

Load Power (PL) 10.00 W

Max Peak Power (Pmax) 10.00 W

Efficiency [η = RL / (Rth + RL)] 50.0%

Incandescent Load Bulb Bulb glows with maximum radiant lumens when impedance is perfectly matched ($R_L = R_{th}$).

Live Continuous Power Curve $P_L(R_L)$

Lab 7 • Ch. 2

Cramer's Rule 3x3 Determinant Solver (Slide 14)

Enter System Coefficients $[A] \cdot [I] = [B]$:

Columns 1, 2, 3 correspond to mesh currents $i_1, i_2, i_3$. Far right column is the constant vector $[B]$.